Animal Cell
An animal cell is the basic structural and functional unit of a living organism. It differs from a plant cell by the absence of a cell wall and chloroplasts and has unique organelles that perform various functions to sustain the cell's life. The animal cell performs numerous functions that ensure the growth, development, and survival of the organism.
Did you know that...
01
100 trillion cells
The human body contains about 100 trillion cells, each specialized and performing its tasks.
02
2 billion years ago
Mitochondria, which are part of the animal cell, were independent microorganisms about 2 billion years ago.
03
50 million cells
50 million cells die every minute. This process of natural cell death is called apoptosis.
04
120 days
Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, live for about 120 days.
05
2-3 billion cells
The human liver contains about 2-3 billion cells.
Structure and functions of microorganisms
Nucleus
The most important part of the cell. The cell nuclear, surrounded by a double membrane with pores, contains chromatin and a nucleus with hereditary information. Without a nucleus, as in red blood cells or platelets cannot reproduce.
Ribosomes
Smallest non-membrane organoids consisting of two subunits. They participate in the realization of hereditary information. The main function is protein synthesis.
Mitochondria
Covered by an inner (with many folds, cristae) and outer membrane. Filled with matrix. Have DNA, RNA and ribosomes. Function - ATP synthesis, energy supply of the cell.
Plasma membrane
Biomolecular layer of phospholipids and proteins. Functions: protection, providing cell shape, communication, phagocytosis, pinocytosis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
EPR- membrane tubules inside the cytoplasm, formed of 2 types - smooth and rough . Functions - synthesis of organic substances and transport. Smooth (without ribosomes)- synthesis of fats and carbohydrates. Rough (with ribosomes) - biosynthesis of complex proteins.
Golgi Apparatus
Performs transport of substances, modification and synthesis of fats and carbohydrates, and formation of lysosomes.
Lysosomes
Digestive vacuoles are membrane vesicles with enzymes that degrade harmful and nutritious substances, capable of autolysis (self-digestion).
Vacuole
Single-membrane organoid. The membrane is called the tonoplast. The function is to deposit ions and maintain turgor pressure. Vacuole is a water storage site. Present only in unicellular animals.
Centrioles
Cylindrical cellular structures formed from microtubules. They provide stabilization of microtubules and maintain cell shape. They assist in forming the mitotic spindle for chromosome distribution. They participate in cell movement and fluid circulation. They transform into basal bodies for sensory cilia.
